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<!DOCTYPE article PUBLIC "-//NLM//DTD JATS (Z39.96) Journal Archiving and Interchange DTD with OASIS Tables with MathML3 v1.4 20241031//EN" "https://jats.nlm.nih.gov/archiving/1.4/JATS-archive-oasis-article1-4-mathml3.dtd">
<article xmlns:xlink="http://www.w3.org/1999/xlink" xmlns:ali="http://www.niso.org/schemas/ali/1.0/" dtd-version="1.4" article-type="research-article" xml:lang="en"><front><journal-meta><journal-title-group><journal-title xml:lang="ru">Академическая наука</journal-title></journal-title-group><issn publication-format="print">3034-4042</issn><issn publication-format="electronic">3034-4042</issn></journal-meta><article-meta><article-id pub-id-type="doi">10.24412/3034-4042-2026-1-74-82</article-id><article-categories><subj-group><subject>Other</subject></subj-group></article-categories><title-group><article-title xml:lang="ru">СРАВНИТЕЛЬНЫЙ АНАЛИЗ КОНСТРУКЦИЙ АНТЕНН ДЛЯ АВТОНОМНЫХ ГЕОРАДИОЛОКАЦИОННЫХ ИССЛЕДОВАНИЙ ЛЕДНИКОВ АНТАРКТИДЫ</article-title><trans-title-group xml:lang="en"><trans-title>COMPARATIVE ANALYSIS OF ANTENNA DESIGNS FOR AUTONOMOUS GEORADIOLOCATION STUDIES OF ANTARCTIC GLACIERS</trans-title></trans-title-group></title-group><contrib-group><contrib contrib-type="author"><name-alternatives><name xml:lang="ru"><surname>Киселева</surname><given-names>Анастасия Юрьевна</given-names></name><name xml:lang="en"><surname>Kiselyova</surname><given-names>Anastasia Yuryevna</given-names></name></name-alternatives><xref ref-type="aff" rid="aff1"/><xref ref-type="aff" rid="aff2"/><email>kiselyova.anastacia@yandex.ru</email></contrib><aff-alternatives id="aff1"><aff><institution xml:lang="en">Empress Catherine II, Saint Petersburg Mining University</institution><city xml:lang="en">Saint Petersburg</city><country xml:lang="en">Russia</country></aff></aff-alternatives><aff-alternatives id="aff2"><aff><institution xml:lang="ru">Санкт-Петербургский горный, университет императрицы Екатерины II</institution><city xml:lang="ru">Санкт-Петербург</city><country xml:lang="ru">Россия</country></aff></aff-alternatives></contrib-group><pub-date pub-type="epub" iso-8601-date="2026-04-07"><day>07</day><month>04</month><year>2026</year></pub-date><issue>1</issue><fpage>74</fpage><lpage>82</lpage><history><date date-type="received" iso-8601-date="2026-03-04"><day>04</day><month>03</month><year>2026</year></date><date date-type="accepted" iso-8601-date="2026-04-07"><day>07</day><month>04</month><year>2026</year></date></history><self-uri content-type="pdf" xlink:href="publication-2f1d50f0-df49-41a3-9e5d-7cbf600fc838.pdf" xlink:title="PDF"/><abstract xml:lang="ru"><p>Актуальность. Совершенствование антенных систем для георадиолокационного зондирования ледников Антарктиды представляет собой актуальную научно-практическую задачу в контексте мониторинга климатических изменений. Повышение точности оценки толщины льда, выявления субледниковых водоёмов и анализа внутренней стратификации ледникового щита критически зависит от энергоэффективности, широкополосности и помехоустойчивости антенно-фидерного тракта, что особенно важно для автономных платформ в экстремальных условиях. Методы. Проведён системный сравнительный анализ классических и перспективных антенных конфигураций, включая полуволновые диполи, V-образные излучатели, рамочные антенны, широкополосные конструкции типа bow-tie и современные MIMO-системы. Оценка выполнялась по ключевым параметрам: глубина зондирования, временное и пространственное разрешение, полоса пропускания, устойчивость к климатическим воздействиям и энергопотребление. Результаты. Установлено, что каждая антенная архитектура обладает специфической областью применения, а современный тренд заключается в переходе от одиночных излучателей к многоканальным системам с цифровым формированием луча и синтезом апертуры. Обсуждение и выводы. Доказана необходимость комплексного подхода к проектированию антенн, учитывающего электрофизические свойства льда и экстремальные эксплуатационные условия. Перспективы развития связаны с внедрением метаматериалов для миниатюризации и расширения полосы пропускания, оптимизацией многоканальных архитектур и применением методов машинного обучения для автоматического подавления помех и интерпретации данных. Реализация этих направлений позволит значительно повысить детальность радиогляциологических исследований и достоверность прогнозов динамики ледникового покрова Антарктиды, что имеет фундаментальное значение для понимания глобальных климатических процессов.</p></abstract><abstract xml:lang="en" abstract-type="summary"><p>Relevance. Improving antenna systems for georadar sensing of Antarctic glaciers is an urgent scientific and practical task in the context of monitoring climate change. The accuracy of icethickness estimates, identification of subglacial reservoirs and analysis of the internal stratification of the icesheet depend critically on the energy efficiency, broad-bandwidth and noise immunity of the antenna-feeder path. This is especially important for autonomous platforms under extreme conditions. Methods. A systematic comparative analysis wascarried out on classical and promising antenna configurations including half-wave dipoles, V-shaped radiators, loop antennas and bow-tiestructures with broadband MIMO systems. The assessment wasbased on keyparameters such asdepth of sensing, temporal and spatial resolution, bandwidth and resistance to climactic influences. Results. Ithasbeen established that each antenna architecture has a specific field of application, and the current trend is to switch from single radiators to multi-channel systems with digital beam shaping and aperture synthesis. Discussion and conclusions. The necessity of an № 1 ( - ) 2026. 75 integrated approach to antenna design, taking into account the electrophysical properties of ice and extreme operating conditions, is proved. Development prospects are related to the introduction of metamaterials for miniaturization and bandwidth expansion, optimization of multi-channel architectures, and use of machine learning methods for automatic interference suppression and data interpretation. Implementation of these directions will significantly increase detail of radioglaciology studies and reliability of forecasts for Antarctic icedynamics, which is fundamental for understanding global climate processes.</p></abstract><kwd-group xml:lang="ru"><kwd>георадиолокационное зондирование</kwd><kwd>антенные системы</kwd><kwd>ледниковый щитАнтарктиды</kwd><kwd>широкополосные антенны</kwd><kwd>MIMO-технологии</kwd></kwd-group><kwd-group xml:lang="en"><kwd>geolocation sensing</kwd><kwd>antenna systems</kwd><kwd>the Antarctic icesheet</kwd><kwd>broadband antennas</kwd><kwd>MIMO technologies</kwd></kwd-group></article-meta></front><back><ref-list><ref id="ref1"><mixed-citation publication-type="other" xml:lang="ru">An J., Huang S., Chen X., Xu T., Bai Z. 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